Mountain doubled — the only hexagram built from stillness on stillness. Gèn is to stop, and the lines read up the body: toes, calves, loins, trunk, jaw. The judgment stills the back, the one part of yourself you can neither see nor use, which is why stopping there means losing sight of the self altogether.
When it comes upThis comes up when the useful move is to stop, and stopping is harder than acting. It is not rest and not retreat — it is holding still in the middle of something. The Image sets the test exactly: think no further than your own position. Most of what is agitating you is business that was never yours.
This section is written for this site (L4), working from the source text, the Ten Wings and the classical commentaries on this page. It is not a translation of any of them.
JUDGMENT · L1
艮其背,不獲其身,行其庭,不見其人,无咎。
When one’s resting is like that of the back, and he loses all consciousness of self; when he walks in his courtyard, and does not see any (of the persons) in it,—there will be no error.
Legge’s romanization predates pinyin, so the same word may be spelled differently in the two systems (Kh’ien / Qián). Body text on this site uses pinyin throughout.
YiStep readingL4
Still the back and you no longer register yourself; walk through your own courtyard and you do not see the people in it. Both halves describe one thing from inside and from outside — attention that has stopped circling the self. That is why there is no error: nothing is being suppressed here, it has simply stopped being the centre.
The first line, divided, shows its subject keeping his toes at rest. There will be no error; but it will be advantageous for him to be persistently firm and correct.
Line commentary · L2艮其趾,未失正也。
YiStep readingL4
Stilling the toes — stopped before the first step is taken. This is the easiest place to stop and the only one where stopping costs nothing, since nothing has begun. But the line adds a caution the others do not need: keep at it. Stopping early is worth little if you cannot keep it up.
The second line, divided, shows its subject keeping the calves of his legs at rest. He cannot help (the subject of the line above) whom he follows, and is dissatisfied in his mind.
Line commentary · L2不拯其隨,未退聽也。
YiStep readingL4
The calves cannot move on their own; they follow the thighs above. This line sees where the one above is going, cannot prevent it, and is left dissatisfied. It is the position of watching a mistake you have no standing to stop. The line names the frustration rather than resolving it.
The third line, undivided, shows its subject keeping his loins at rest, and separating the ribs (from the body below). The situation is perilous, and the heart glows with suppressed excitement.
Line commentary · L2艮其限,危薰心也。
YiStep readingL4
Stilling at the waist, tearing the ribs from what is below. This is the harsh line: stillness enforced at the body’s hinge, splitting upper from lower. Force applied to stillness does not produce stillness, it produces a heart that smoulders. The danger is stopping the wrong thing, in the wrong place, by will.
The fourth line, divided, shows its subject keeping his trunk at rest. There will be no error.
Line commentary · L2艮其身,止諸躬也。
YiStep readingL4
Stilling the trunk — the whole self, not a part. Nothing is held down against its will and nothing is torn; the line simply comes to rest in itself. There is no error, and also no praise. This is stillness that works, described as plainly as it can be.
The fifth line, divided, shows its subject keeping his jawbones at rest, so that his words are (all) orderly. Occasion for repentance will disappear.
Line commentary · L2艮其輔,以中正也。
YiStep readingL4
Stilling the jaw, so that the words come out in order. Of everything that can be stopped, speech is what most reveals whether the stillness is real. The line does not say be silent — it says the words fall into sequence. Regret disappears because nothing gets said that has to be taken back.
The sixth line, undivided, shows its subject devotedly maintaining his restfulness. There will be good fortune.
Line commentary · L2敦艮之吉,以厚終也。
YiStep readingL4
Generous, thoroughgoing stillness at the very top. This is the one unambiguously fortunate line in the hexagram, and it earns that by thickness rather than by position — the Xiang says it ends in substance. Stillness held all the way to the end stops being a restraint and becomes a quality.
A later development, not part of the Zhou Yi itselfLiu Yiming (Qing dynasty) reads the Yi through Daoist inner-alchemy. It is a separate interpretive system, not on the same footing as the source text or the classical commentaries above.
The reading on this page is written for this site. Wang Bi, Kong Yingda and the later commentaries above are given in the original Chinese only — no English translation of them exists here yet.
Chinese source text via Wikisource; Wang Bi and Kong Yingda from the Zhouyi Zhengyi; Cheng Yi from a punctuated edition; Liu Yiming’s Chanzhen. All public domain. Translation: James Legge, The Yî King, SBE XVI, 1882. The punctuated Cheng Yi edition covers only 14 hexagrams; no public-domain punctuated text is available for the rest.